![]() He links it more to practical everyday experiences, just as Socrates or Diogenes would do it. Kluge: But Heidegger connects things in a different way. And that’s how it is understood in Heideggerian philosophy … If you say: Everything flows, panta rhei, you might say, that is an ontological principle. Something new is introduced into the Greek discourse which of course can also be turned into an ontology. And now someone shows up who has some things in common with Democritus and his strange atoms, the átomos, the indivisible. That’s how it is interpreted even in Socrates’ Dialogue on Parmenides. Kluge: They are all successors of Parmenides. Or Plato, with his separation of ideas and appearances, ideas and reality. Kluge: … the last great effort to separate the categories … And of course that leads to Aristotelian logic, to hermeneutics …. Because everything in the cosmos is connected. That’s something the entire Greek philosophy is working on, the attempt to organize the cosmos. Kluge: Ultimately, that’s a very simple, pragmatic, measured question. You cannot step into the same river twice. Negt: He represents the experience of a world in flux. Meanwhile, Heraclitus proceeds in a much more pragmatic manner. We have to imagine this like a baroque vision of Heaven: this or that concept is sitting to the right of the gods. The form is the essential part, the content is subservient. That includes a hierarchy: The ideas, the categories are superior. He says that the cosmos, the world of the gods and the human world is split in ideas and realities. Kluge: Again, Parmenides, the other great … his opponent. And Heraclitus is the one who kept saying “panta rhei,” that means “Everything flows, everything moves … “ Negt: Here we see something that has influenced the entire history of European thought, because the thinkers who go on to develop metaphysics, who establish the theory and split up its organization among themselves, those people keep emphasizing the element of movement. That’s why they called Heraclitus “Heraclitus the Obscure.” On the other hand, the cosmos is something that remains impenetrable. ![]() Oskar Negt: “It is the thunderbolt that steers the course of all things.” I have always read Heraclitus against the backdrop of a so-called pre-Socratic for whom, in contrast to Parmenides’ ontology, the objects are in movement, they are in flux. Text: “The thunderbolt rules all - ” / Heraclitus Text: “That to which they are mostly turned towards, / while carrying it, the λόγος, / with this (precisely) they bring themselves apart – / whatever they daily encounter, /(even) that appears strange to them.” Heraclitus Text: HERACLITUS, THE OBSCURE / Oskar Negt on Heidegger and Heraclitus Text: HERACLITUS (540-480 BC) carries the title Skoteinos = The Obscure / During the summer semester of 1943, Martin Heidegger held a lecture series on “The Inception of Occidental Thinking: Heraclitus” / He talked about “logos,” “listening,” “rise and descent,” “life,” “lightning,” and other things / Oskar Negt discusses Martin Heidegger and Heraclitus.
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